First, check hot vs. cold
Run cold water only. If it is clear, but hot water is brown, the problem is likely in your water heater. If both are brown, the issue is in your pipes or the city supply.
Common causes
City water main work or flushing. Utility work can stir up sediment. Brown water that clears after running cold water for several minutes is often from this.
Corroding galvanized pipes. Older homes with galvanized steel pipe develop rust inside. Brown water that keeps returning is a strong sign you need repiping.
Water heater corrosion. A failing anode rod or rusting tank discolors hot water. See water heater repair or replacement.
Main water line damage. A broken service line can let soil in. Learn about water line repair.
Mineral content. Iron and manganese in some Texas water supplies can cause discoloration. Filtration and water softeners help.
Is brown water safe?
Discolored water is usually not an immediate health emergency, but avoid drinking it until it clears and the cause is known. Do not do laundry with brown water, as it can stain clothes.
Quick Answers
How long should I run the water?
Run cold water for several minutes. If it does not clear, call a plumber or your utility.
Does brown water mean I need new pipes?
Not always, but recurring brown water in an older home often does.